Buildings account for about 40% which is the largest share of final energy use in the EU and are responsible for roughly 36% of energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. To address this, the revised Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) introduces targets, placing the residential building stock at the centre of national climate strategies.

What does Article 9 of the EPBD require?

Article 9 sets a progressive renovation trajectory with two main goals:

• Cut average primary energy use of the residential building stock by
  • at least 16% by 2030 (compared to 2020 levels)
  • at least 20–22% by 2035
• Focus on the worst-performing buildings: At least 55% of the energy reduction must come from renovating the 43% worst-performing residential buildings.

This report provides a practical roadmap for Member States to design and implement renovation trajectories. It aims to support the trajectory design process by providing a practical, policy-oriented interpretation of Article 9.2 of the EPBD. The report complements other guidance documents by translating legal requirements into actionable, operational terms.

At the core of this approach is the segmentation and energy performance assessment of residential building stock. By identifying which buildings need the most attention, policymakers can develop tailored, effective policies. To effectively implement the approach outlined in this report and meet the EPBD Article 9 targets, Member States are advised to adopt the following measures:

1. Strengthen national data infrastructure
2. Develop flexible and well-informed renovation scenarios
3. Carefully consider the worst-performing buildings
4. Consider and integrate the role of different stakeholders

Delivering Article 9 of the EPBD is not only essential for meeting Europe’s climate goals; it also offers an opportunity to tackle energy poverty, create healthier living environments, and create sustainable jobs. By following the roadmap outlined in this report, Member States can develop effective, equitable, and forward-looking renovation strategies that deliver lasting impact.